Drug Name: Fentanyl (FEN-ta-nil)
Brand Names: Actiq, Duragesic
Generic Name: fentanyl transdermal system
Uses: Fentanyl belongs to the drug class narcotic analgesics. It is used to treat chronic pain that cannot be handled by less acting pain relievers. It works by stimulating the receptors on the brain’s nerves to reduce the perception of pain.
How to use: Fentanyl comes in transdermal, transmucosal and parenteral forms. Transdermals are patches applied on the skin, transmucosal are applied to the mucus membranes and parenteral comes in injectable forms. Patches should be applied on the upper torso for better fentanyl absorption. It should be on a flat, non-irritated part. Before applying the patch, the area should be cleaned and washed using only clear water. Don’t use soaps, oils, lotions or alcohol in cleaning. Place the patch directly unto your skin after removing it from the package. Don’t use cut or damaged patches. Press the patch firmly unto the skin for about 30 seconds then leave for 72 hours. To prevent constipation, the amount of fiber and water in your diet should be increased.
Side Effects: Some of the side effects of fentanyl are constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, dizziness, drowsiness, muscle twitching, sweating, itching and decreased urination. Talk to your doctor if you experience any of these conditions. But in case of serious side effects it is necessary to get immediate medical attention. These include an allergic reaction involving difficulty breathing, closing of the throat or swelling, slow breathing, seizures, cold skin, severe weakness and unconsciousness.
Precautions: Fentanyl may be excreted in the breast milk. It is advisable for nursing mothers to bottle-feed while taking fentanyl. Pregnant mothers should also consult with their doctors before undergoing treatment as the fetus’s health may be at risk. Alcohol use should be avoided while using fentanyl. This may increase drowsiness and dizziness that are already caused by the drug. Avoid direct or overexposure to heat as this may also increase the amount of drug you absorb to your skin and can cause harmful effects.
Drug Interaction: Central Nervous System depressants can increase the effects of fentanyl and can cause harmful effects. Other medications that can interact with fentanyl are antipsychotics, anxiolytics, antihistamines, barbiturates, antidepressants, ethanol and skeletal muscle relaxants. Be sure to inform your doctor if you are taking any of these medications before you start taking fentanyl. Dosage adjustments and monitoring may be needed.
Overdose: Symptoms of fentanyl overdose are slow breathing, seizures, dizziness, weakness, coma, confusion, tiredness, cold and clammy skin and small pupils. Contact your local emergency unit if overdose is suspected.
Notes: Drowsiness or fatigue may be caused by fentanyl. Avoid certain activities that require mental alertness until you know how you react to fentanyl.
Missed Dose: Apply the missed dose as soon as you remember. Wait for a considerable amount of time before applying the next dose. Never double up your doses.
Important Note: Fentanyl must not be stopped abruptly. Withdrawal symptoms may be experienced when this happens.
Storage: Fentanyl patches should be stored at room temperature. The used patches must be folded in half with the sticky parts together and thrown properly.
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